Performance
Learn how Minecraft server performance works, how to tune important settings, and how to profile real bottlenecks so you can choose better values for your workload instead of copying generic optimization configs.
Profile first, optimize second
Modern Paper bundles spark and recommends it over Timings. A useful performance fix should be backed by a profile taken while the problem is actually happening.
Fast path: /spark health --upload gives a shareable health snapshot. For sustained lag on Paper 1.21+, run /spark profiler start --timeout 600 during real load, then follow the largest branch in the report.